THE MANIPULATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR -i- editors

ion, 39, 266Accuracy, 43, 117, 170, 191-196Acetanilid, 121Adaptation, Level Theory, 269Adaptation of responses, 148-149, 152Adaptive mechanisms, 38Addiction, 103, 106, 126-127, 132Afterimages, 61Age, 237, 249-250Age regression, 192Alcohol, 77, 104, 116, 153, 292Algeria, 98Allport-Allport A-S Reaction Study, 223, 251-252Alpha activity, 79, 152, 175, see also ElectroencephalogramAmnesia, 119, 171, 197, 200-201, 205, 211, 278-279, 285, 289, 293-296retrograde, 293-294 171Amobarbital, 103-104, 114-115, 117 Amphetamine, 106, 111, 116, 119-121, 131Analeptic, 120-121Anesthesia, 196, 201-205Anesthetics, 121, 130, 201Anonymity, 240, 261Anoxia, 22"Antisocial acts," 180-191, 282Anxiety, 32, 37, 39-40, 70-71, 73, 78, 107, 119, 124-126, 128, 131-132, 202, 204, 207, 246-247, 250-251, 285, 294-295, 299Apathy, 110Aphasia, 118, 120, 294Apparent movement, 61-63Appetite, 284Armed Forces "Code of Conduct," 3Arousal, 54, 81, 89, 128, 152Articles of War, 115Aspirin, 121Atropine, 116, 121Attention, 32, 64, 119, 131Attitudes, 9, 11, 34, 41-43, 130, 216-276, 282, 285of experimental subject, 163-164, 166, 176of interrogation source, 165Authoritarianism, 68, 251, 253, see also California F-ScaleAutogenous training, 203-205Autokinetic effect, 61, 63, 219-220, 233, 246, 250, 263Autonomic responses, 142-168Avoidance, 163 -316-Avoidance — Avoidance conflict, 133 Barbiturates, 114, 117, 119, 124, 127, 130-131, 153, 295Barron-Welsh Art Scale, 223, 254Behavior Interpretation Inventory, 256Belief change, 53, 67-68Bender-Gestalt Test, 62Blindness, 278Blood, 21-24, 295, see also Circulatory functionsBody fluids, 21-22Body image, 74Body schema, 69Body sway, 67-68Bogardus Scale, 67Boredom, 73, 83-84, 90Brain, 20-24, 34, 39-41, 89, 107damage, 107function, 27-30, 32-37, 39, 42organic, disease of, 285Brain syndrome, 24-26, 29, 32, 37-38, 42Brainwashing, 5-6, 58, 88 Break, 41Breakoff phenomenon, 86Breathing, 142, 144-146cycle of, 145, see also RespirationBromides, 124Burns, 22 Caffeine, 116, 121California F-Scale, 223, 250, 253, 262Calmatives, 117-119Captivity, 133, 204, 206, 278, 281, 285Cataract patients, 87Catechol amine, 80-81Catharsis 117Cattell 16 PF, 223Cerebral functioning, 39, 130Cheating, 282Chicago Police Laboratories, 153Chinese Communists, 6, 98Chloral hydrate, 124Chloroform, 112Chlorpromazine, 108, 124-126Circulatory functions, 22, 33, 38, 80blood pressure, 104, 142, 146-147pulse, 148-152Clinical observation, 35Cocaine, 108, 121Coercion, 2, 29, 58, 69, 96, 165, 300Collective reaction, 108Cognitive functions, 39, 57, 64-67, 74, 112disturbances of, 64-67Color saturation, 63Combat, 27, 31-32, 34, 285, 293-294Combativeness, 126Comfort, 41-43Commitment, 240-241, 264Communication, 99, 104, 120, 125, 131theory, 28Communist practices, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 44, '5354, 98Complex functions, 24, 29-30, 32, 34, 36-37, 39-43, 61, 71, 254Compliance, 19, 42-43, 206, 216-217, 255, 295, 299Conation, 112Concentration camps, 35-36, 98, 204Conditioning, 15, 161-162, 172Confabulation, 26, 32, 35, 41, 194Confessions, 1, 3, 7, 44, 97, 113-115, 300Confinement, 57-58, 68, 204, 282Conflict, 161-164, 216, 300Conformity, 216-276 Confusion, 44, 284-285Consciousness, 41, 96, 122, 127, 161, 173 174, 210-212Constipation, 284Constitutional characteristics, 33, 36, 54, 101Conversion, 8, 125, 216-217, 262-266Cortical inhibition, 171satiation, 70Cover story, 114, 116-117Crime, 97, 158, 164, 165, 206, 278, 293, 297-298Criminal behavior, 115, 130, 181-191, 211Criminals, 43, 165-166, 173, 291interrogation of, 144 Dachau, 98Data processing, 39Data interpretation, 156-160Daydreams, 71, 74Death, 38, 44Debilitation, 57, 132, 153 -317-Deception, 114-117, 130-131, 142-168, 209, 282, 298detection of, 142-168, 283-300Decorum, 26, 30, 32, 35, 40Defenses, against interrogation, 133-134, 170, 210-211Defenses, personality, 71, 206Degradation, 204Dehydration, 24, 26, 30Deliria, 24, 206, 284, 293Delusions, 26, 29-30, 32, 35, 69, 74-76, 113, 195, 284Demand characteristics, 85, 99, 101-102, 178, see also SuggestionDemonology, 4-6, 8Dependence on the perceptual field, 224Dependency, 4, 206Depersonalization, 74Depression, 168, 110, 120-121, 125, 130, 132, 284psychotic, 284Deserpedine, 125Determinism, 3, 7Diarrhea, 22, 24Digit span, 64, 66Discrimination analysis, 159Disease, 25, 130, 206, 277-304Disorientation, 75, 113, 132Dissociative reactions, 116Distortion, defense in interrogation, 126, 133, 170perceptual, 130, 132Dreams, 74Drugs, 40, 96-141, 195, 206-209, 285, 287, 295-296, 298 aintidepressive, 119-121hallucinogenic, 121-124, 132psychotomimetic, 121-124, 132reactions to person administering, 102-104silent administration of, 99, 101therapeutic use of, 97tranquilizing, 97, 124-126, see also specific drugsDurham decision, 278Dyspepsia, 285 Educational level, 104-105Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, 69Effort syndrome, 285Ego, 53, 76, 87-88, 116-117, 201, 204boundaries, 88controls, 113, 200-205, 211strength, 299Electrical brain stimulation, 14Electrocardiogram, 149, 193Electroencephalograph, 78-81, 150, 152, 171, 175, 193Electromyogram, 150Electroshock, 287, 290, 298Emotion, 25, 35, 40, 112, 123, 131, 165Emotional reliving, 117Epilepsy, 111, 287, 293-294Epinephrine-norepinephrine, 80Ethics, 96-98, 113, 278Euphoria, 104, 106, 108, 284Experimental controls, 57, 100-101, 106, 130, 164, 186-188, 217-227, 268-270Experimental effect, 84Exploratory drive, 54, 84, 87Explorers, 90-91Exposure, injurious, 25, 27Extrovert, 106Eye movement, 151 Failure, 261and conformity behavior, 246Fainting, 22Fantasy, 29, 69, 71-72, 74, 76, 85, 115 116, 130, 133, 195Fat, 23Fatigue, 25, 27-44, 111, 130, 153, 180Fear, 39, 41, 69, 73, 122, 134, 163, 297Feedback, 102auditory, 63Feeling state, 72-74Feral man, 54Fever, 24, 30Fiedler A-S Inventory, 223 Figural aftereffects, 63, 70Food, see Hunger, Nutrition, StarvationFrustration, 83 Galvanic skin response (GSR), 79, 142, 146-148, 154-161, 250-251, 262Ganser Syndrome, 278-279, 289-290, 299Ganzfeld, 60, 69Gastrointestinal system, 38, 152 -318-Gestapo, 204Gough Adjective Check List, 257Group, homogeneity of, 239norms of, 222size of, 234social, 216-270Group Squares Test, 253Guilford-Martin Inventory of Factors, 223, 252Guilford's R Scale, 106Guilt, 108, 112, 114-115, 117, 130, 133, 164, 206, 210, 212, 277-288, 295, 297, 299 Hallucinations, 26, 29-30, 32, 35, 52, 69-70, 74-77, 79, 87, 90, 113, 121 123, 185, 187, 284Hashish, 108Headache, 36, 104, 285Hearing, 125Heroin, 106Homeostasis, 20-24, 27, 30, 32, 38-40, 43Hunger, 25, 34-38, 42Hypnagogic states, 77-78Hypnosis, 34, 98, 102, 168-215, 287, 295, 298somnambulistic, 174, 202Hypochondriasis, 86Hypoglycemia, 110Hysteria, 108, 114, 171, 285-286, 290, 293-294 Id, 87-88Idea Classification Test, 223, 254Ideation, 123Identification with the aggressor, 206Ideological change, 1, 10, 53-54I/E Ratio, 145Illusions, 26, 29, 32, 74, 76-77, 113Imagery, 74-78Immobility, 35, 57, 60-62, 65, 73, 87Indiana University Study, 143, 147-159, 162Individual differences, 108, 280Induction of hypnosis, 169-215Infection, 26, 293 Information, elicitation of, 19, 24, 27-28, 35, 41-44, 67, 89, 96, 99, 112-113, 116-117, 126, 128, 131-132, 170, 180, 191, 196,201, 209, 266, 278Injury, 26, 31, 40, 293-294Inquisition, 8, 27Insecurity, 246Insight, 32, 40, 268Insomnia, 126, 153, 285Insulin, 110Integrative capacities, 113Intellectual functioning, 32, 106, 113, 122-123, 126, 132Intelligence, 7, 11, 15, 104-105, 130-131, 254agencies, 98human, 104-105, 118, 130-131, 254, see Intellectual functioningmilitary and political, 7, 11, 15tests of, 64, 192, 291-293, see specific test namesInteraction, 172, 216, 276, see also Social relationships and Interpersonal influenceInternalized norms and controls, 63, 67-68, 90, 180-181Interpersonal influence, 25, 40, 216-276Interrogation, 1-25, 29-30, 33, 41, 44, 54, 67, 74, 89-90, 98, 108, 112-126, 129 134, 142, 152-156, 164-165, 167, 169-170,180, 191-196, 199, 204-210, 216, 266, 277-279, 293, 296-300Communist, 1, 4-6, 8, 10, 22, 44, 54, 98European, 22experimental, 67, 112-118, 129-134, 155, 180, 191-195ideological, 8, 12, 15military, 167, 296-297Nazi, 98, 121, 204Oriental, 22police, 98, 113, 142, 153-156, 165-166, 296-297Soviet, 6, 33, 98, 108United States, 12Interviewing, 11, 113free-associative, 112non-directive, 112, see also InterrogationIntrovert, 106-107Iproniazid, 120-121, 131I.Q., 100Irritability, 72-73Isolation, 27, 29-30, 32, 34-35, 38, 42-43, 51-95, 111, 130 -319-Isolation, effects of duration, 81-83social, 52, 56, 61, 82, 89tolerance of, 69-70, 81 Judgment, 30, 32, 40-41, 44, 62, 219, 233Jury verdicts, 143 Kent EGY, 291Kidney, 22-23Kinesthetic input, 57 Korea, 12, 35war in, 2, 3, 22 Law, 3, 7, 9, 19, 113-115, 184, 207, 278, 297-298Learning abilities, 64-67Legitimacy, 181, 185, 187Levinson-Sanford Scale, 223, 252Lie detection, 142-168, 209, 286-287Likert Scale, 223Lobotomy, 298Logic, 64, 66, 218Lower level functions, 39Loyalty, 41-42, 108, 278, 281, 296Lying, 142-168, 195Lysergic acid (LSD), 122-124, 132 McGill University, 58, 61, 65, 81-82M'Naghten Rules, 278Magic, 4-6, 8, 54, 169, 207Magic-Room procedures, 102, 208, 210, 212Malingering, 13, 114, 277-304Manic psychoses, 124Masking, 101Mastery, 204-205, 208-209, 211Maudsley Personality Inventory, 253Memory, 25-26, 30, 32, 35, 39-41, 123, 191-196, 293-296, 298-299Menstrual cycle, 109-110Mental deficiency, 278-279, 284, 289, 291Mental performance, 125Mental state, 105Meperidine hydrochloride, 106Meprobamates, 127Mescaline, 77-78, 107-108, 116, 122, 132Metabolism, 22, 285Metamphetamine, 116, 131Military security, 98, 182-183Mindszenty, Cardinal, 98Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 69, 106, 110, 223, 251, 253, 280Monotony, 53-54, 56, 58Mood, 38, 106, 110-119, 123, 131changes of, 90Morality, 3, 278, see Ethics Morphine, 103, 106, 116Motivation, 7, 19, 31, 36, 41-44, 73, 85, 87-88, 108, 127, 130, 172-174, 178, 183-184, 187, 203, 205, 210-212, 285, 296Muscular activity, 31, 59-64, 79-80coordination, 125fatigue, 31tension, 150Mutism, 284-286 Narcoanalysis, 114-116, 195, 286, 295Narcosis, 116-118, 295, 298Narcotics, 103, 293Nazis, 98Negativism, 295Neopallium, 39Nervous system, 28, 40, 53Neurochemistry, 53Neurophysiology, 53Neuroses, 70, 96, 106-107, 114, 119, 122 124, 128, 253, 280, 295Nonspecific effects, 98, 129Novacaine, 121Nutrition, 22, 25, 28, 35, 110, 130, 250 251, see Hunger Obsession, 125Office of Naval Research, 51, 142Opiates, 127Oxygen, 22, 33, see also Respiration Pain, 25, 34, 36, 38, 40-42, 99, 104, 125, 127, 201-205, 211, 278Panic, 116Paraldehyde, 124Paralysis, 278Paranoid behavior, 4, 26, 32, 110, 286Parkinsonism, 125Passivity, 170Pentobarbital, sodium, 103, 116Perceived discrepancy, 236-237Perception, 57, 59-64, 106, 123, 170 -320-Perception, disturbances of, 61-63, 122of depth, 63of time, 123Perceptual field, dependence on, 255Perceptual stimulation, 51-95Perseveration, 26, 32, 41, 115Personal characteristics and conformity behavior, 237-240Personality, 34, 42, 69-72, 74, 100-101, 106-108, 117, 131, 262, 267, 280and conformity, 251-259constitutional factors, 101evaluation of, 13Personnel selection, 53, 72Persuasion, 165Pervitin, 107Pharmacology, 96-141Phenidylate, 120Phenobarbital, 125Phenothiazine derivatives, 124-125, 128, 132 Phi phenomenon, 62Phobia, 125Physician, role of, 96-97Physiologic functioning, 78Physiologic response measures, 53, 142 168Pipradol, 120, 131Placebo, 9, 99-101, 106, 108, 130, 201 202, 287Plantar response, 192Plethysmograph, 149Pneumonia, 32Poisoning, 24, 26Police, 27, 33, 41, 44, 54, 98, 113, 142, 154-155Polygraph, 142-168, 209Posthypnotic suggestion, 170, 180, 185, 189, 198, 201-202, 211Prestige, 101, 238Primary process material, 70-71, 78, 88Primitive needs, 206Prison, 33, 52Prisoner, 29, 33, 35, 38, 42, 44, 56, 57, 67, 69, 74, 86, 91, 170, 291, 294, 296-297Prisoners-of-war, 1-4, 12, 22-23, 27, 35, 43, 206, 277-278, 281, 293, 297Problem solving, 64, 66, 88Projection, 26Promazine, 106Propaganda, 67Proprioceptive input, 57Protein, 23Psychic trauma, 294Psychoanalysis, 53, 70, 87-88, 162Psychomotor functions, 127Psychopathic states, 119, 130, 281, 287Psychopharmacology, 96-141Psychosis, 24-25, 91, 124, 128, 134, 278 279, 283-284, 290, 293, 297, 300Psychosis, simulation of, 280Psychotic states, 86, 96, 111, 114, 119, 121-123, 131-132, 280, 285, 299-300Punishment, 161, 163-164, 281, 297-298, 300 Rationalization, 41Rauwolfia, 125, 132Reality, perception of, 63, 69, 86, 170, 181-182, 184Reasoning, 64, 66, 71Recall, 66-67, 191-196of repressed material, 113Regression, 206Relationship, social, 172, 176, 179, 216 276doctor-patient, 96-97interrogator-source, 74, 210-212subject-experimenter, 85, 178-191Repetitive tasks, 87Rescinnamine, 125 Reserpine, 120, 125-126Residual stimulation, 75Resistance, effectiveness of hypnosis for, 170, 205, 210-211to hypnosis, 177-180, 196-200to interrogation, 90, 119, 133-134, 145, 170, 277-304to manipulation, 2-3, 29, 90, 96, 112 113, 116-117, 119, 126-127, 133-134, 145, 170-171, 180, 196-200, 210-211, 216-276,278, 301to stress, 90, 201-205Respiration, 24, 80, 204Responsibility, 133, 207, 209-210, 277 288, 296Responsiveness, 124, 294Rest, 25Reticular system, 89Retrospective reporting, 78 -321-Reward pretraining, 248Rhythmic stimulation, 180Rhythms, biologic, 109-110Rorschach test, 70-71, 85, 100, 118, 123, 193, 223, 251, 254-255, 288Role, 172, 279, 296conflict, 281playing, 193, 196skill, 279-280Rote learning, 66Russian interrogation, 33, 98 Sailors, 57, 90-91Salt, 21-22Sanitation, 27Schizophrenia, 70, 72, 107-108, 111, 120, 122, 258, 280, 283-284, 288, 300catatonic, 113Scopolamine, 112-113, 116, 121, 206Secobarbital, 106, 111, 117Sedatives, 117-119, 124-126Self, 4Self-confidence, 252Self-control, 128, 204, 208Self-defeating defense, 206Self-descriptive procedures, 257Self-destructive acts, 96, 181-183, 189Sensory acuity, 123-126Sensory bombardment, 62, 73Sensory deprivation, 28-29, 34-35, 51-95Sex differences, 104-105, 130, 238, 249Shame, 108, 114Shock, 21, 24Side effects, 121, 125-126, 134, 147Simulation of symptoms, 118-119, 134, 196, 277-304 Simulation, detection of, 196-197Sleep, 25, 28, 31, 33-35, 38, 40, 79, 111, 171-172, 174, 176, 178, 250-251, 285, 294deprivation of, 27, 29-30, 32, 35, 42-44, 153learning during, 175Smersh, 6Social context, 228, 234-244, 280Social norms and values, 2, 9, 11, 25, 108, 127, 180-191, 207, 210, 296-297conflict of, 300prohibitions, 220, 259, see also Internalized norms and controlsSociety for the Investigation of Human Ecology, ix, 169Sociopathic personality, 70Sodium amytal, 106-108, 113-115, 117 118, 206, 295Sodium benzoate, 116Sodium pentothal, 98, 106, 116-117, 206Solitary confinement, 54, 56, 83, 86, 88 89, 204Solitude, 52Space, outer, 53Spatial orientation, 63Speech patterns, 32, 104, 110-111, 123Startle reaction, 285Starvation, 23-24, 26-27, 29, 32, 35-36, 110Status, 279Stimulants, 119-121, 131-132Stimulus, ambiguity and conformity, 231Stimulus-hunger, 83-84, 90Stimulus-response theory, 54Stress, 69, 100, 132, 134, 211, 281, 285, 293resistance to, 201-205Subception, 161Subcortical stimulation, 14Sugar, 23, 33Suggestibility, 44, 67-69, 72, 90, 108, 130, 134, 169-215Suggestion, 26, 102, 169-215, see also Demand characteristics, Hypnosis, PlaceboSuper-ego, 186Survival, 37, 41-42Sweating, 21-22, 148Symbolic processes, 112Sympathy, 100 Tachometer, 149Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, 253Temperature, body, 20-21, 24, 27, 285Terman Concept Mastery Test, 223, 254Thematic Apperception Test, 223, 248, 251, 254-256, 261, 289Thinking, 29-30, 38, 123Thiopental, 116, 295Thirst, 24-25, 42, 250Thought-reform, 10, 53-54Threat, 37-39, 41-43, 73, 132-133, 149, 163, 282, 300 -322-Thurstone-Chave War Scale, 251Thurstone-Gottschaldt Embedded Figures Test, 61Thurstone Scale of Militarism, 218, 251Time orientation, 66, 82-83, 90Torture, 27Totalitarianism 5Toxemia, 293Toxicity, 284Trance, 169-215, 283, 295logic, 197spontaneous, 177, 200, see also HypnosisTranquilizers, 124-126, 128, 132, 153Trauma, 293-294Truth, 8, 19, 114, 116, 130-133, 142-168, 191-196, 210, 278, 294Truth serum, 112-113, 130, 195, 295Twilight state, 175 Unanimity, 235Unconsciousness, 24, 42, 283United State Air Force, ix, 1, 3, 12, 254United States Armed Forces, 3, 27United States Constitution, 115 Validity, 117-118Verbal behavior, 14, 105, 108, 111-113, 130, see also Speech patternsVigilance behavior, 59Vision, 60, 63, 75Visual-motor coordination, 61-63Vitamins, 23, 110Volunteering, effect of on experiments, 68, 85Vomiting, 22, 24Vorbeireden, 289-290 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 14War neuroses, 113, 117, 294-295Washington State University, 151Water, 21, 25, 27Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, 291-292Wechsler Digit Symbol Test, 61Weight loss, 79, 284Welsh Figure Preference Test, 223, 254White-out, 60, 79Will, 7, 44, 97Witchcraft, 4-6, 8Withdrawal syndromes, 127Witkin Embedded Figures Test, 61Wonderlic Test, 105World War II, 6, 22, 113 Yellow Springs Instrument Company, 149Yoga, 189